As Nepal’s electric vehicle (EV) adoption grows, multiple Charging Point Operators (CPOs) have emerged, each offering its own app to manage charging stations. While this ensures brand identity and operational independence, it also brings cybersecurity risks and a fragmented user experience. Nepal needs a unified approach to enhance security and convenience in its EV charging infrastructure.
The Current State of EV Charging in Nepal
CPOs in Nepal, including Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) and private operators like Yatri Energy, rely on the Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) to manage charging stations. However, OCPP-based systems have vulnerabilities, including:
• Security Gaps in WebSocket Communication: Older versions like OCPP 1.6J lack robust authentication, making them susceptible to man-in-the-middle attacks and Denial-of-Service (DoS) threats.
• Multiple Connections Mishandling: Hackers can exploit loopholes in connection management to disrupt charging operations.
• Data and Privacy Risks: Weak encryption can expose payment data, leading to billing fraud and unauthorized energy usage.
Challenges of Multiple CPO Apps
1. Poor User Experience: EV users must install multiple apps to access different charging stations, leading to confusion and inefficiency.
2. Cybersecurity Concerns: More apps mean more attack surfaces for hackers targeting personal data and charging infrastructure.
3. Lack of Network Effect: A unified EV charging app could increase accessibility, making the charging network more efficient.
Solutions for a Secure and Integrated EV Charging Ecosystem
1. Implementing Stronger Security Standards
• Upgrade to OCPP 2.0.1, which includes enhanced authentication and encrypted communication.
• Secure API connections to prevent unauthorized access.
• Regular firmware updates to patch vulnerabilities in charging stations.
2. Developing a Unified Charging Platform
Nepal can follow global best practices by integrating all CPOs into a single, government-backed app. A centralized platform, such as “Charging Stations Nepal”, could:
• Allow seamless interoperability between different charging networks.
• Enhance cybersecurity by applying strict encryption and multi-factor authentication.
• Provide real-time station availability and billing transparency.
3. Government and NEA-Led Initiatives
The Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) has already launched 62 fast-charging stations nationwide, featuring QR code payments and real-time monitoring. Expanding this infrastructure under a national super-app would significantly reduce cybersecurity risks and improve user convenience.
4. Public-Private Collaboration for Security
Government agencies and private CPOs should collaborate on a unified cybersecurity framework to:
• Standardize data protection and access control across platforms.
• Conduct regular penetration testing to detect and mitigate security loopholes.
• Establish incident response teams to handle cybersecurity breaches effectively.
The EV charging landscape in Nepal is at a turning point. While the current fragmented app ecosystem offers CPOs operational independence, it also introduces significant security risks and usability challenges. By implementing strong cybersecurity measures, promoting interoperability, and encouraging government-led integration, Nepal can create a secure, user-friendly EV charging infrastructure that supports its transition to sustainable transportation.
For cybersecurity solutions and IT security consulting for EV infrastructure, contact Yantra Solution or call +977 (1)-590-5021.